Prevalence Of Common Mental Disorders Research Articles

The prevalence of common mental disorders across 18 ethnic groups in Britain during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence for Equality National Survey (EVENS)

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted mental health in the general population in Britain. Ethnic minority people suffered disproportionately, in terms of health and economic outcomes, which may contribute to poorer mental health. We compare the prevalence of depression and anxiety across 18 ethnic groups in Britain during the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsSecondary analysis of cross-sectional data (February–November 2021) from 12,161 participants aged 18–60 years old (N with data on outcomes = 11,540 for depression & 11,825 for anxiety), obtained from the Evidence for Equality National Survey (EVENS). Data were weighted to account for selection bias and coverage bias. Weighted regression models examined ethnic differences in depression (Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7). Effect modification analyses explored whether ethnic differences in outcomes were consistent within age and sex sub-groups. ResultsCompared to White British people, greater odds of anxiety caseness (and greater anxiety symptoms) were observed for Arab (OR = 2.57; 95 % CI = 1.35–4.91), Mixed White and Black Caribbean (1.57; 1.07–2.30), any other Black (2.22, 1.28–3.87) and any other Mixed (1.58; 1.08–2.31) ethnic groups. Lower odds of depression caseness (and lower depressive symptoms) were identified for Chinese (0.63; 0.46–0.85), Black African (0.60; 0.46–0.79), and any other Asian (0.55; 0.42–0.72) ethnic groups. LimitationsCross-sectional data limits the opportunity to identify changes in ethnic inequalities in mental health over time. ConclusionsWe have identified certain ethnic groups who may require more targeted mental health support to ensure equitable recovery post-pandemic. Despite finding lower levels of depression for some ethnic groups, approximately one third of people within each ethnic group met criteria for depression.

Evaluating the influence of taxation and social security policies on psychological distress: a microsimulation study of the UK during the COVID-19 economic crisis

Economic determinants are important for population health, but actionable evidence of how policies can utilise these pathways remains scarce. This study employs a microsimulation framework to evaluate the effects of taxation and social security policies on population mental health. The UK economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic provides an informative context involving an economic shock accompanied by one of the strongest discretionary fiscal responses amongst OECD countries.The analytical setup involves a dynamic, stochastic, discrete-time microsimulation model (SimPaths) projecting changes in psychological distress given predicted economic outcomes from a static tax-benefit microsimulation model (UKMOD) based on different policy scenarios. We contrast projections of psychological distress for the working-age population from 2017 to 2025 given the observed policy environment against a counterfactual scenario where pre-crisis policies remained in place. Levels of psychological distress and potential cases of common mental disorders (CMDs) were assessed with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12).The UK policy response to the economic crisis is estimated to have prevented a substantial fall (over 12 percentage points, %pt) in the employment rate in 2020 and 2021. In 2020, projected psychological distress increased substantially (CMD prevalence increase >10%pt) under both the observed and the counterfactual policy scenarios. Through economic pathways, the policy response is estimated to have prevented a further 3.4%pt [95%UI 2.8%pt, 4.0%pt] increase in the prevalence of CMDs, approximately 1.2 million cases. Beyond 2021, as employment levels rapidly recovered, psychological distress returned to the pre-pandemic trend. Sustained preventative effects on poverty are estimated, with projected levels 2.1%pt [95%UI 1.8%pt, 2.5%pt] lower in 2025 than in the absence of the observed policy response.The study shows that policies protecting employment during an economic crisis are effective in preventing short-term mental health losses and have lasting effects on poverty levels. This preventative effect has substantial public health benefits.

Unhealthy Dietary Pattern Associated with Common Mental Disorders in Adults and Older Adults: A Population-based Study

Background:: Mental and behavioral disorders are influenced by biological, psychological and social factors, especially income, gender, age and family environment, indicating that physical health is directly associated with mental health. In this perspective, food consumption is highlighted as a risk factor for mental health, as healthy behaviors, along with a good quality diet, can reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. Objective:: The objective of this astudy is to investigate the association between CMD and dietary patterns, among other lifestyle and socioeconomic factors. Method:: Cross-sectional population-based and household study conducted with 1574 individuals aged over 20 years, of both sexes, residing in Teresina and Picos, Piaui, Brazil. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and food consumption data were collected. The instrument used to identify the presence of CMDs was the Self Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20). Dietary patterns were obtained using the Principal Component Analysis method. Results:: Individuals of female sex, separated, with low education, smokers and lower level of physical activity had a higher prevalence of common mental disorders. As for the eating pattern, after adjustments, individuals who adhered to the unhealthy eating pattern had a 9% higher prevalence of CMD. Furthermore, adherence to the white meat standard represented 12% higher prevalence of CMD. Conclusion:: The results showed that, regardless of other socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, adherence to a more monotonous eating pattern in foods, characterized by the mainly consumption of animal protein and the lack consumption of foods like fruits and vegetables,as well as a less healthy one, characterized by the consumption of ultra-processed foods, increases the risk of developing CMD.

Common mental disorders among adolescents in an urban area of Delhi

Background: Common mental disorders (CMDs) among adolescents may hamper their psycho-social development. Aim: This study evaluated the prevalence and determinants of CMD like depression and anxiety among late adolescents of an age of 15-–19 years residing in an urban resettlement colony of southeast Delhi. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 556 randomly selected adolescents. CMD was assessed using Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview – Kid version 6 (MINI-Kid) based on DSM-IV TR and compliant with ICD-10 definitions of CMD. The associated risk factors were studied using a self-developed semi-structured interview schedule and analyzed using multi-variable logistic regression. Results: A total of 491 adolescents were interviewed (a response rate of 88.3%), of whom 247 (50.3%) were female and 210 (42.8%) belonged to a lower-middle socio-economic status. The lifetime prevalence of CMD was 34% [95% confidence interval (CI): 29.8–38.2]. Of the total, 22.4% (95% CI: 18.7–6.1) of the participants reported depression and 6.7% (95% CI: 4.5–8.9) reported generalized anxiety disorder during their lifetime. Female sex [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–2.2], experiencing a stressful event in the past 6 months (aOR 4.7, 95% CI: 3.1–7.3), and smoking tobacco (aOR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2–7.4) significantly increased the odds of having CMD in multi-variate analysis. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of CMD among adolescents residing in urban resettlement colonies of Delhi, which is composed mostly of people belonging to lower socio-economic strata. Hence, tailored intervention at stress management with promotion of healthy lifestyle is needed for this age group.

IJCM_338A: Burden Of Common Mental Health Disorders Using GHQ-12 Scale Among The Tribal And Rural Elderly Population In Mysore District.

Background: Common mental disorders (CMD) are a group of distress states manifesting with anxiety, depressive, and unexplained somatic symptoms and are the contemporary equivalent to the older concept of neurotic disorders. Various prevalence studies have shown that elderly population are more vulnerable to such mental health disorders as compared to the younger population. The available literature indicates that there is hardly any effort to understand the morbidity and the needs of such elderly people. Objective: i. To estimate the burden of common mental disorders among tribal and rural elderly population using GHQ -12. ii. To estimate the association between common mental disorders and sociodemographic factors. Methodology: This is a community based cross sectional study. It was among the tribal and rural elderly population of Mysore district from June to September 2023 using General Health Questionnairre-12(GHQ-12). The 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) is the most extensively used screening instrument for common mental disorders. The GHQ-12 has generally demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity in various populations. The sampling method adopted for this study was multistage sampling and in the final stage participants were selected using simple random sampling Results: The prevalence of common mental disorders was 35% among rural elderly population and 43% among tribal elderly population. The prevalence of common mental disorders was found to be high among women in both rural and tribal elderly population and the difference was found to be statistically significant Conclusion: There are limitations in the study as cross-sectional type of study design was used. Further, analytical studies can be conducted to prove the causative association between common mental disorders and various socio- cultural factor. However, the findings of the study can be used to plan the necessary interventions in the field of elderly mental health

The social determinants of migrant domestic worker (MDW) health and well-being in the Western Pacific Region: A Scoping Review.

The health and well-being of transnational migrant domestic workers (MDWs) is a pressing but largely neglected public health concern. The Asia Pacific region is home to over 20% of the global MDW population. Living and working conditions, social contexts, political environments, and migration regimes are recognized as consequential to the health of this population, but currently no synthesis of available literature to prioritize research or policy agenda setting for MDW has yet been conducted. This scoping review screened 6,006 peer-reviewed articles and 1,217 gray literature sources, identifying 173 articles and 276 gray literature sources that reported key MDW health outcomes, social determinants of health, and related interventions. The majority of identified studies were observational and focused on the prevalence of common mental disorders and chronic physical conditions, with most studies lacking population representativeness. Identified social determinants of health were primarily concerned with personal social and financial resources, and health knowledge and behaviors, poor living and working conditions, community resources, experienced stigma and discrimination, poor healthcare access, exploitation within the MDW employment industry, and weak governance. Six interventional studies were identified that targeted individual-level health determinants such as financial and health knowledge with mixed effectiveness. Future population representative epidemiological and respondent driven sampling studies are needed to estimate population health burdens. In addition, randomized control trials and public health intervention studies are needed to improve women's health outcomes and address proximal health determinants to reduce health inequalities. Leveraging social networks and community facing non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are promising directions to overcome access to care for this population.

Common mental disorders and associated factors among adult chronic kidney disease patients attending referral hospitals in Amhara Regional State

Common mental disorders (CMDs) are a wide term that includes disorders like depression, anxiety, and somatic manifestations. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at high risk of developing a common mental disorders, which leads to a lower survival rate, poor clinical outcome, longer hospitalization, increased health-care utilization, difficulty adhering to medications, an increased risk of initiation of dialysis, poor quality of life, and an increased risk of mortality. However, there is limited study done related to common mental disorders and associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients attending referral hospitals in Amhara Regional State. An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Felege Hiwot Referral Hospitals from January to April 2020. The study participants were selected using systematic random sampling techniques. Common mental disorders were assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-Falk Institute (SRQ-F) tool. Data were entered into Epi Data Version 3.0 then exported into STATA 14 for analysis. Both bivariable and multi-variable binary logistic regressions were done to identify factors associated with common mental disorders. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, variables with a p-value of ≤ 0.05 were declared as a statistically associated with common mental disorders. In this study, 424 CKD patients were included, with a response rate of 100%. Among screened CKD patients, 40.8% was positive for common mental disorders, with a 95% CI (36–45%). Independent predictors of common mental disorders among CKD patients were poor social support [(AOR 3.1, 95% CI (1.67–5.77)], family history of mental disorders, [AOR 3.6, 95% CI (1.12–11.8)], comorbidity [AOR 1.7, 95% CI (1.03–2.78)], being female [AOR 2.69, 95% CI (1.72–4.20)], and duration of CKD (AOR 3.5; 95% CI (2.28–5.54). Two out of five CKD patients screened for CMDs were found to be positive. Common mental disorders were more common among CKD patients with poor social support, a family history of mental disorders, comorbidity, being female, and the duration of CKD. Therefore, screening CKD patients for common mental disorders is recommended.

Short-term impacts of Universal Basic Income on population mental health inequalities in the UK: A microsimulation modelling study.

Population mental health in the United Kingdom (UK) has deteriorated, alongside worsening socioeconomic conditions, over the last decade. Policies such as Universal Basic Income (UBI) have been suggested as an alternative economic approach to improve population mental health and reduce health inequalities. UBI may improve mental health (MH), but to our knowledge, no studies have trialled or modelled UBI in whole populations. We aimed to estimate the short-term effects of introducing UBI on mental health in the UK working-age population. Adults aged 25 to 64 years were simulated across a 4-year period from 2022 to 2026 with the SimPaths microsimulation model, which models the effects of UK tax/benefit policies on mental health via income, poverty, and employment transitions. Data from the nationally representative UK Household Longitudinal Study were used to generate the simulated population (n = 25,000) and causal effect estimates. Three counterfactual UBI scenarios were modelled from 2023: "Partial" (value equivalent to existing benefits), "Full" (equivalent to the UK Minimum Income Standard), and "Full+" (retaining means-tested benefits for disability, housing, and childcare). Likely common mental disorder (CMD) was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12, score ≥4). Relative and slope indices of inequality were calculated, and outcomes stratified by gender, age, education, and household structure. Simulations were run 1,000 times to generate 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Sensitivity analyses relaxed SimPaths assumptions about reduced employment resulting from Full/Full+ UBI. Partial UBI had little impact on poverty, employment, or mental health. Full UBI scenarios practically eradicated poverty but decreased employment (for Full+ from 78.9% [95% UI 77.9, 79.9] to 74.1% [95% UI 72.6, 75.4]). Full+ UBI increased absolute CMD prevalence by 0.38% (percentage points; 95% UI 0.13, 0.69) in 2023, equivalent to 157,951 additional CMD cases (95% UI 54,036, 286,805); effects were largest for men (0.63% [95% UI 0.31, 1.01]) and those with children (0.64% [95% UI 0.18, 1.14]). In our sensitivity analysis assuming minimal UBI-related employment impacts, CMD prevalence instead fell by 0.27% (95% UI -0.49, -0.05), a reduction of 112,228 cases (95% UI 20,783, 203,673); effects were largest for women (-0.32% [95% UI -0.65, 0.00]), those without children (-0.40% [95% UI -0.68, -0.15]), and those with least education (-0.42% [95% UI -0.97, 0.15]). There was no effect on educational mental health inequalities in any scenario, and effects waned by 2026. The main limitations of our methods are the model's short time horizon and focus on pathways from UBI to mental health solely via income, poverty, and employment, as well as the inability to integrate macroeconomic consequences of UBI; future iterations of the model will address these limitations. UBI has potential to improve short-term population mental health by reducing poverty, particularly for women, but impacts are highly dependent on whether individuals choose to remain in employment following its introduction. Future research modelling additional causal pathways between UBI and mental health would be beneficial.

The association between common mental disorders and tuberculosis: a case-control study from Guinea-Bissau.

The aim of the study was to explore the association between tuberculosis (TB) and common mental disorders (CMD), in an area with high prevalence of TB. We performed a case-control study of TB patients and unmatched healthy controls, from a demographic surveillance site in Guinea-Bissau. Screening for CMD was performed once for controls and at inclusion and follow-up for TB patients. Kessler 10 (K-10) and a brief version of Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 (SCL-8d) were used as screening instruments. 571 controls were interviewed and 416 interviews were performed for 215 TB cases. Estimated CMD prevalence at the time of diagnosis of TB was 33.6 % (SCL-8d) and 46.2 % (K-10), compared with 6.8 % (SCL-8d) and 6.7 % (K-10) among controls; adjusted OR 7.18 (95 % CI 4.07 to 12.67) and 14.52 (95 % CI 8.15 to 25.84), respectively. No significant difference in CMD prevalence rates was observed between TB patients, after 6 months of treatment, and controls. Psychological distress and common mental disorders were more prevalent among TB patients at the time of diagnosis compared with the background population, but after completion of TB treatment no increased prevalence of psychological distress was found.

Common Mental Disorders and Their Correlates: A Community-based Survey Among Women in Southern Karnataka, India

Background: About 10% of Indians have common mental disorders (CMDs) which include depression and anxiety. These disorders are common in women, which not only impacts on their quality of life but also their family members. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of CMDs, and factors associated with them among women residing in coastal Karnataka. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 980 women aged between 18 and 60 years from 2019 to 2021. Women were administered a baseline questionnaire along with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalised Anxiety Disorder questionnaire-7 (GAD-7) and Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4). Data were collected using Epi-info and were analysed using SPSS version 15.0. Association between CMDs and socio-demographic, reproductive health and behavioural factors were expressed as crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The prevalence of CMDs among women was 5.7%, with 4.6% having depression and 3.37% with anxiety disorders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that residing in urban areas (OR = 2.15; 95% CI:1.10–4.17), having a chronic illness (OR = 2.38; 95% CI:1.14–4.97), history of recent bereavement in the family (OR = 2.20; 95% CI:1.02–4.75), early marriage (OR = 2.63; 95% CI:1.09–6.33), history of abortion (OR = 2.89; 95% CI:1.42–5.92), and exposure to domestic violence (OR = 3.08; 95% CI:1.14–8.33) were significantly correlated with CMDs in this sample. Conclusions: The study revealed that CMDs were prevalent among the surveyed women, which calls for routine screening of women for CMDs in primary care settings for early identification and appropriate interventions.

Prevalence of common mental disorders and treatment gap among patients with non-communicable diseases in the rural areas of East India.

Mental and physical non-communicable diseases (NCDs) coexist, because they share common environmental and behavioral risk factors. The treatment gap for common mental disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and substance use, is large compared to other NCDs. To determine the prevalence and treatment gap of common mental disorders among patients with non-communicable diseases. The community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural parts of East India, in people aged 30years and older with NCDs. A simple random sample was chosen to select the villages and participants. Eligible participants administered with screening and diagnostic questionnaire for depression, anxiety, and substance use. Those diagnosed with mental disorders were again assessed for treatment status in the last 12months. Non-receipt of treatment was considered as treatment gap. A total of 515 participants were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of common mental disorders among the study population was 46.4% (95% CI 42.0-50.8), and excluding substance use, the prevalence was 11.7% (95% CI 9.0-14.7). The treatment gap for common mental disorders among patients with non-communicable diseases, including and excluding substance use, was 98.3% (95% CI 95.8-99.5) and 93.3% (95% CI 83.8-98.2), respectively. The prevalence and treatment gap of common mental disorders among persons with NCDs was high. Public health interventions need to be emphasized for the integration of mental health care into NCD care.

What should a nation do to prevent common mental disorders? Meet seven conditions for effective prevention

The global burden of Common Mental Disorders (CMDs), including depressive, anxiety and substance use disorders, is substantial. Since increased treatment has not reduced CMD prevalence, prevention is a logical approach to reduce CMD burden. However, CMD prevention as currently delivered has not reduced prevalence. Seven conditions need to be met to maximize the long-term effectiveness of CMD prevention: 1. Target young persons early in life and families. 2. Modify major CMD risk and protective factors. 3. Embed in social institutions and culture. 4. Implement via synergistic programs of proven effectiveness in multiple community settings (pre-school and kindergarten, elementary and secondary schools, child and health care, social welfare/family support). 5. Secure long-term funding with permanent, structural integration into community organizations. 6. Address socio-economic disadvantage and attendant risk factors. 7. Use the power of policy. We consider how these conditions might be achieved in large populations. A dilemma is that compelling evidence regarding the benefits of CMD prevention may be needed to motivate large, long-term investments, but until society has made and sustained these investments for 10 to 20 years, full benefits of CMD prevention may not be realized. Therefore, we propose regional implementation and evaluation focused initially on proximal benefits for child development. Developmental determinants important to educators, parents and other stakeholders should be evaluated initially to establish short-term pay-offs for educational and behavioral outcomes. Long-term CMD prevention initiatives may not only prevent CMDs, but also develop resourceful, resilient, and well-educated children and adults.

Efeitos combinados de gênero, raça e estressores ocupacionais na saúde mental

Abstract Objective: analyze the isolated and combined effects of gender, race, and occupational stressors on the mental health of healthcare workers. Methods: cross-sectional study with a random sample of health workers in Bahia, Brazil. The primary exposure variables were gender, race, and occupational stressors, assessed using the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) scale. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) measured common mental disorders (CMD), the outcome variable. The interaction measures were verified based on the additivity criterion by calculating the excess prevalence, excess prevalence ratio, and relative difference. Results: 3,343 workers participated, 77.9% were female. CMD prevalence was 21.7% higher among women, Black people, and those exposed to work stressors. Among Black women in a situation of ERI, the prevalence of CMD was three times higher compared with white men in a situation of balance (reference group). Discussion: black women workers accumulate social disadvantages and are more susceptible to occupations that require more significant effort and less reward. CMD prevalence was higher at the intersection of exposures. Combined effect of the factors exceeded the sum of the isolated effects, demonstrating an interaction between gender, race, and occupational stressors.

The effect of common mental disorders on suicidal attempts by women, during pregnancy and six to nine years after birth.

There is scarcity of global data on suicide attempts (SA). The higher frequency of mental disorders places women at a higher risk for SA. Mental disorders (MD) are ranked first in the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) in terms of years lived with disability (YLD) and common mental disorders (CMD) affect women the most. IN this light, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of CMD during pregnancy, as well as 6 to 9 years after birth, on SA in women who were registered in the Family Health Strategy from the town of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. This study consisted of two stages of a prospective cohort. 643 adult women were included. The prevalence of CMD in stage I (pregnancy) and in stage III (six to nine years after birth) were, respectively, 19.3% and 12.6%. The incidence of SA was 10.9%. The multivariate analysis demonstrated a cumulative effect of CMD for SA: only during pregnancy (OR 5.4; 95%CI 2.2-13.3); only in the third stage (OR 5.8; 95%CI 2.3-14.9); and in both stages (OR 6.0; 95%CI 2.5-14.4). The increase of CMD in women increases the chances of SA, hence the importance of implementing public policies for women's health, especially for those with a history of mental disorders and unhealthy habits, and those who suffer violence.

Efeito dos transtornos mentais comuns na gestação e seis a nove anos pós-parto para a tentativa de suicídio em mulheres

Abstract There is scarcity of global data on suicide attempts (SA). The higher frequency of mental disorders places women at a higher risk for SA. Mental disorders (MD) are ranked first in the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) in terms of years lived with disability (YLD) and common mental disorders (CMD) affect women the most. IN this light, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of CMD during pregnancy, as well as 6 to 9 years after birth, on SA in women who were registered in the Family Health Strategy from the town of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. This study consisted of two stages of a prospective cohort. 643 adult women were included. The prevalence of CMD in stage I (pregnancy) and in stage III (six to nine years after birth) were, respectively, 19.3% and 12.6%. The incidence of SA was 10.9%. The multivariate analysis demonstrated a cumulative effect of CMD for SA: only during pregnancy (OR 5.4; 95%CI 2.2-13.3); only in the third stage (OR 5.8; 95%CI 2.3-14.9); and in both stages (OR 6.0; 95%CI 2.5-14.4). The increase of CMD in women increases the chances of SA, hence the importance of implementing public policies for women’s health, especially for those with a history of mental disorders and unhealthy habits, and those who suffer violence.

Morbidity Pattern in Psychiatry Ward in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Worldwide mental health conditions are in increasing trend. South Asian countries report the highest prevalence of common mental disorders globally, which accounts for 8.8% to 16.6% of the total burden of disease. In Nepal, the prevalence of mental disorders among adults and children is 13.2% and 11.2%, respectively. In Nepal, there is limited data on the pattern of morbidity in inpatient psychiatric wards. Hence, the need is felt to carry out this study to monitor the psychiatric morbidity patterns of patients admitted to the psychiatric ward. Methods: This is a retrospective, cross- sectional study conducted in Kist Medical College. After ethical approval from Institutional Review committee, the data of all patients admitted to Psychiatry Ward of Kist Medical College Teaching Hospital from 14 th April, 2022 to 13 th April, 2023 were collected from Record section. We used ICD-10 and CDDG criteria for the diagnosis of mental and behavioral disorders. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: Out of 285 patients 70.40% patients belonged to age group 25-54 years .The mean age with standard deviation was 55.4±72.3 years. Most of the patients were Male (72.60%) and Janajati (44.80%). The most common diagnosis was Alcohol Dependence Syndrome. The duration of hospital stay of most (46.90%) of the patient was 1-2 weeks. Conclusion: The most common diagnosis for which admission was made in Kist Medical College was Alcohol Dependence Syndrome. This indicate that the alcohol related disorder may have important implications for care and planning in the community. The overall outcome was satisfactory.

Prevalence of common mental disorders in southern Brazilian women: a comparison of two population-based studies (2003 vs. 2015).

To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders (CMD) in women, and comparing them in two periods, 2003 and 2015. A comparative study was conducted between two surveys with representative samples of women aged 20-60 years residing in southern Brazil. The final sample included 988 and 987 women from the 2003 and 2015 surveys, respectively. The presence of CMD was assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20 ≥ 8) in both surveys. Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between the outcome (CMD) and variables of interest. The mean age of the participants was 38.5 ± 11.1 years (2003) and 40.3 ± 11.4 years (2015). In 2003, the prevalence of CMD was 33.4% (95%CI: 30.5-36.3) and in 2015, it was 33.7% (95%CI: 30.8-36.7). Over 12 years, no significant differences were observed in the prevalence of CMD, except for a reduction in the prevalence in women of color and physically active. After adjusting, the prevalence ratios of CMD in 2003 and 2015 remained associated with low family income, a higher number of pregnancies, and tobacco use. This study showed a trend toward stability in the high prevalence of CMD among women.

Validation of a brief screener for broad-spectrum mental and substance-use disorders in South Africa.

In low-resource settings, valid mental health screening tools for non-specialists can be used to identify patients with psychiatric disorders in need of critical mental health care. The Mental Wellness Tool-13 (mwTool-13) is a 13-item screener for identifying adults at risk for common mental disorders (CMDs) alcohol-use disorders (AUDs), substance-use disorders (SUD), severe mental disorders (SMDs), and suicide risk (SR). The mwTool-13 is administered in two steps, specifically, only those who endorse any of the initial three questions receive the remaining ten questions. We evaluated the performance of mwTool-13 in South Africa against a diagnostic gold standard. We recruited a targeted, gender-balanced sample of adults, aged ≥18 years at primary and tertiary healthcare facilities in Eastern Cape Province. Of the 1885 participants, the prevalence of CMD, AUD, SMD, SR, and SUD was 24.4%, 9.5%, 8.1%, 6.0%, and 1.6%, respectively. The mwTool-13 yielded high sensitivities for CMD, SMD, and SR, but sub-optimal sensitivities for AUD and SUD (56.7% and 64.5%, respectively). Including a single AUD question in the initial question set improved the tool's performance in identifying AUD and SUD (sensitivity > 70%), while maintaining brevity, face-validity, and simplicity in the South African setting.

Common mental disorders among women in reproductive age group: An analysis of national mental health survey, India 2016.

Common mental disorders (CMDs) have a higher prevalence among women in their reproductive age (WRA) compared to the general population. Large Indian epidemiological studies focusing on the prevalence and socioeconomic correlates of CMDs among WRA are lacking. The associated disability and treatment gap particularly in the women population is unknown. To estimate the current prevalence, correlates, disability, socioeconomic impact, and treatment gap of CMDs among WRA from a nationally representative sample from India. The National Mental Health Survey of India 2016 is a multisite nationwide household survey conducted across India using a uniform methodology. Overall, 39,532 adults were surveyed with a response rate of 88%. The diagnosis was based on Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 6.0.0. CMDs among WRA (18-49 years) for this secondary analysis included depression and anxiety disorders. The prevalence of CMDs among WRA in India was 5.83%. Two important risk factors for CMDs included being divorced and living in the urban metro. Nearly 70% of women reported disabilities of varying severity. The overall treatment gap was around 82% (urban nonmetro > metro > rural population). On average, the cost of treatment of CMDs was ₹ 2,000 per month. CMDs are prevalent among WRA groups with significant disabilities and treatment gaps in India. The disability and treatment gap associated with CMDs among WRA can be handled by integrating mental health into general medical/obstetric care.

Symptoms and prevalence of common mental disorders in a heterogenous outpatient sample: an investigation of clinical characteristics and latent subgroups

BackgroundPatient-reported outcome measures (PROM) provide clinicians with information about patients’ perceptions of distress. When linked with treatment and diagnostic registers, new information on common mental health disorders (CMHD) and service use, may be obtained, which might be useful clinically and for policy decision-making. This study reports the prevalence of CMHD and their association with PROM severity. Further, subgroups of self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety were examined, and their association with clinician-assessed mental disorders, functional impairment, and service use.MethodsIn a cohort study of 2473 (63% female) outpatients, CMHD was examined with pre-treatment scores of self-reported depression and anxiety, and the number of assessments and psychotherapy appointments one year after treatment start. Factor mixture modelling (FMM) of anxiety and depression was used to examine latent subgroups.ResultsOverall, 22% of patients with a CMHD had an additional comorbid mood/anxiety disorder, making the prevalence lower than expected. This comorbid group reported higher symptoms of anxiety and depression compared to patients with non-comorbid disorders. FMM revealed three classes: “anxiety and somatic depression” (33%), “mixed depression and anxiety” (40%), and “cognitive depression” (27%). The anxiety and somatic depression class was associated with older age, being single and on sick leave, higher probability of depressive-, anxiety-, and comorbid disorders, having more appointments and higher functional impairment. Although the cognitive depression class had less somatic distress than the mixed depression and anxiety class, they reported more functional impairment and had higher service use.ConclusionThe results show that higher levels of somatic symptoms of depression could both indicate higher and lower levels of functional impairment and service use. A group of patients with high somatic depression and anxiety was identified, with severe impairment and high service needs. By gaining insights into CMHD factors’ relation with clinical covariates, self-reported risk factors of depression and anxiety could be identified for groups with different levels of aggravating life circumstances, with corresponding service needs. These could be important symptom targets in different groups of patients.